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Only you are able to decide which path is best for your needs, but do keep in mind that the herbal approach is safe to undertake and has many benefits. What are some of these benefits? The herbal approach uses the endocrine system of your own body to increase your breast size naturally and safely, adding size, firmness and fullness. It is your own tissue growth. Your body does it by itself. The results are long lasting and you have your own naturally larger breasts.
The most dramatic and unique effect of the herbal approach comes during the early stages while your body is changing. As you begin to see and feel your body shape changing, a new and wonderful relationship with your body takes place. Your body is like a new friend, bringing you new levels of happiness every day while providing delight in the gradual changes taking place. It is a journey of body re-discovery, as what has often been merely a dream now becomes a reality. Even more than the tangible physical changes that take place to your appearance, you begin to realize a daily increased feeling of self worth. Other important benefits include the safety of using all natural ingredients, comparative cost effectiveness, and heightened feminine physical sensations in the breast area and throughout the body.
Why Choose Herbal?
When beginning your journey of transition, you are offered a barrage of options to consider. Though temporary, the choice of breast forms is the most easily accessible. Hormone therapy is another choice available to you, characterized by high cost and a level of physical risk. The more drastic alternative of breast implants comes with a high level of complications and risk over a lifetime. Breast implants can be cost-prohibitive and need further surgical intervention often in 3 to 5 years and in at least 8 to10 years. And then there’s the herbal approach, which can result in substantial and impressive results with significantly lower risk, minimal cost and virtually no adverse side effects.
Using all-natural herbs, significant long lasting results of up to two or more cup sizes are being routinely reported. The percentage of people who are getting good or excellent results approaches close to 100% satisfaction for herbal breast enhancement programs that are individually monitored and adjusted. The most successful programs use ingredients based on concentrated herbal extracts that are 10 times the strength of standard herbs.
A personalized herbal program is about a tenth of the cost of breast implants. The safe, non-invasive and low cost herbal approach has many advantages not found in any other method. The herbal approach is the only one that heightens breast sensation so that you feel the same sensual and sensory effects in the breast area that are normally experienced only by women. Surgical implants will reduce sensation to the breast area and almost always result in a partial or complete loss of sensitivity. By way of comparison, herbal breast enhancement has few if any side effects. Other than some temporary tingling, itching, or even soreness felt in the breast area, a normal occurrence while your breast size is increasing, you will notice softening of the skin and hair, rounding of the hips and a noticeable increase in sexual libido.
So you’re thinking, “Sounds great, but how does it work?”
How Does It Work?
Estrogen, often thought of as the “female” hormone, but also present in males, is critical for sexual functioning, boosts the immune system and supports bone growth. Estradiol is one of sixteen different types of human estrogen. It is the estrogen responsible for a long lasting size increase in the breast area.
The key to a natural and long-lasting breast size increase is stimulating the body to produce a large quantity of its own human estradiol. When human estradiol production increases beyond the necessary threshold level, it will go to the breast tissue where it binds to the estrogen receptor sites. Every person, regardless of sexual orientation, has literally millions of unused estrogen receptor sites in the breast area that can be used for size increase.
Most herbal products found in today’s market do not contain the necessary component that stimulates the endocrine system to produce its own human estradiol, but rather offer only phytoestrogen, or plant estrogen. Human estrogen is from 200 to 1000 times more potent than phytoestrogen and bonds strongly to the estrogen receptor sites in the breast tissue. The drawback to just using phytoestrogen-based herbals for breast enhancement is their inherent inability to bond strongly to the human receptor sites for any length of time. Although these plant estrogens will go to the breast tissue and provide temporary results, you will have to constantly use these products to maintain any size increase.
So how do we get long lasting results?
We tap into the power of your human body as an efficient biological factory. With our personalized program we introduce a separate set of herbs that are adjusted for each person’s body to stimulate the body’s endocrine system to produce its own human estradiol. Now, when your body finds the plant estrogen we bring into your program it will use it as the ideal building blocks for creating your own human estradiol. When your body produces its own human estradiol you achieve long lasting results.
When the correct amount of concentrated phytoestrogen is readily available in the body, the body uses very little energy to produce a large quantity of human estradiol. The results are your own naturally larger breasts, made from your own breast tissue. It is real, it is natural, you did it yourself, it is long lasting and it is authentically you.
What to look for in an effective herbal breast enhancement product:
Dosage: The best products for TG use are based on herbal ingredients that are highly concentrated extracts. Herbal breast enlargement products not based on extracts are usually too weak to give significant results for TG. A typical women’s formula will deliver less than 200mg a day of the needed ingredients, while an effective TG program will provide ingredient dosages in the range of 15,000mg to 20,000mg a day. Without using concentrated extracts, the conventional capsule requirement could be an impractical quantity of 100 or more capsules a day.
Ingredients: You will find Saw Palmetto in almost all of the herbal formulas available in the market. It is one of the richest sources of plant estrogen. Other significant and common working ingredients are Wild Mexican Yam, Fenugreek Seed, Fennel Seed, Pueraria, Red Clover and Avena Sativa. However, to get a long lasting result, the single most important herbal ingredient is Lepidium Meyenii, commonly known as Maca. Be sure your breast enhancement program includes Maca in an extract 10:1 concentrate. This is the most important ingredient for attaining results that will last for years. With Maca present and adjusted to the proper personalized dosage, you will not have to continue on any herbal regimen once you have achieved the size you want.
Starting Evaluation: A successful program should include a personal evaluation. Because each of us is unique, it is important for you to choose an herbal program that will factor such details as your age, weight, height, metabolism and level of physical activity, as well as your breast size objectives and goals. Other factors affecting personalization are caffeine and nicotine use as well as digestion and any other issue that might adversely affect an individual’s personal progress.
Follow Up: Follow-ups are a crucial part of any successful breast enlargement program. Each individual’s program should be reviewed in 30-day intervals for analysis of individual progress and to assist in what can be done to help the client get the best results possible. Your customer service representative should be knowledgeable. You should have personalized treatment. Be sure the sales staff members are not merely “order takers” but consultants that care about your progress and success. Toll free access to your personal consultant is an equally important factor in choosing your program.
Results: Are the results long lasting? A properly formulated and administered program should take about 180 days to get the long lasting results you want. The most effective breast enlargement programs will strongly stimulate the body to produce its own human estrogen. This in turn will convert any phytoestrogen that is provided by the breast enhancement program into human estradiol, which gives you long lasting results. You only have to take those products until you get the size you want and then you can stop taking the product while keeping the size you achieve. Effective programs have achieved results that are very near the 100% success rate.
Product Comparison: Do your research. There are significant differences between breast enhancement products. Look carefully at the ads & call the companies that advertise with us to compare. Remember to look for the information you have just read and then make your choice with wisdom and care.
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By understanding the 4-phase arousal process you can put an end to your premature ejaculation frustration.
During this process, your body goes through a number of physiological changes which form a definite, typical pattern. In the simplest terms, this pattern can be described as a build-up and release of tension.
Phase 1. Excitement
Premature Ejaculation can be set off due to over excitement. This is when you start to feel the onset of arousal. This phase can be brought on by physical contact, your thoughts and your emotions. In the excitement phase your breathing deepens and heart rate increases. You experience increased muscular tension and a rise in blood pressure along with the beginnings of an erection.
As the level of arousal rises, there is a resultant increase in muscular tension, pulse rate and blood pressure. Some men have what is known as a 'sex flush' which is a red rash beginning in the lower abdomen and then spreading to the neck and face or even to the shoulders, arms, and thighs.
Phase 2. Plateau
The word 'plateau' identifies that a certain level of arousal and excitement has been reached. Your erection is full and you feel highly aroused. This is maintained for a period of time before orgasm takes place. This is a difficult stage as the premature ejaculation signs are building up.
Although the fully erect penis does not go through any major changes in this phase, your testes will swell and draw closer to the abdomen. During plateau, the bulbourethral gland (or Cowper's gland) emits a clear, viscous liquid known as 'pre-ejaculate' or 'pre-cum'.
This purpose of pre-cum is to lubricate the female urethra for sperm to pass through. It also flushes out any residual urine or foreign matter. As a cautionary side note; pre-ejaculate can contain sperm and therefore cause pregnancy (I was amazed how many men I spoke to who did not know this while I was researching premature ejaculation).
Phase 3. Orgasm
An orgasm is also known as the sexual climax and occurs in response to continued sexual stimulation during the plateau phase. Prior to orgasm there is immense tension in the muscles throughout the body. Breathing is rapid while pulse rate and blood pressure are more elevated than during plateau. It is an abrupt, reflex release from this 'whole body' tension that forms the orgasm.
It is the most intensely pleasurable of all the phases and also the shortest, (and for those with serious premature ejaculation problems, even shorter!). It can be physical, psychological, emotional, or a combination of these. It is often accompanied by an obvious physiological response, such as ejaculation, blushing or spasm.
Either during sex or while masturbating and the feeling of orgasm is imminent, men find it difficult to stop the stimulation of the penis to the point of ejaculation because the feeling is so intensely pleasurable and satisfying.
Phase 4. Resolution
This is phase where your body returns to the former pre aroused state. After orgasm your whole body (and in particular your sex organs) require time to return to the former, un-aroused state. The most observable change in this period is the loss of erection.
During this phase and immediately after orgasm, men experience what is known as the "refractory period" and are physically unable to have another orgasm. The length of time of the refractory period is different for everyone. Times ranging from ten minutes to several hours are common.
There may also be such a refractory period in females, although it is much shorter and many women can experience several orgasms in rapid succession.
Gaining an understanding of this 4 step process will get you in the right direction when looking for a premature ejaculation cure.
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Unsatisfactory Sex-Life...is an Important Reason for People to Go For “Extra-Marital Relations” or “Divorces”
Introduction
In a Country where using the word “Sex” itself is a big taboo; where anyone talking anything below belt is consider as a “Character Less” person, how can one talk about “ Love Making”? I agree that ours is a country which gave to this world “the art of love making” through pictorial presentation of “KAMASUTRA” but we still hesitate and feel shy, when one is asked to explain those positions. Just look into your “Sex Life” and see if what you are doing in “Love Making” or it is just a “Lust”? Are you having “fun” while making-love or you are just “inviting in” or “inserting in” as “fire” there is not bearable?
This article is prepared with the inputs from 467 people across the country and out-of them around 287 where females and among them 261 had experienced “Love-Making”. Most of these ladies did mentioned that in their married life...it is just “Roll-on; Roll-Off and Sleep”. There is no doubt that “Physical Relations” are important for the long-lasting “love-relations” between couple. Unsatisfactory Sex Life can lead to “Extra-Marital Relations” or “Divorces”. Lets discuss about it. Why “Love-Making” is important? What is the importance of “Foreplay” is satisfactory “Love Intercourse”. After the game is over, what is that a male or female expects from each other? And things like that. Lets being with “KAMASUTRA”.
History...behind KAMASUTRA
The KAMASUTRA history leads us back to the ancient India, between the 1st and 6th centuries (although the exact year of its writing still unknown). Considered by many specialists as the most important and influent book on the human sexuality, the KAMASUTRA (which was actually written by Vatsyayana, a scholar on Indian traditions) is today commonly mistaken as a plain and simple compendium of sex positions, or a manual to the art of sex. Other than that, the KAMASUTRA is a real document of an important part of Indian customs and traditions, showing many thoughts and ideas that still fit in our today's society values.
There are, indeed, descriptions and paintings of sex positions on the original KAMASUTRA. The author Vatsyayana regarded lovemaking as being much more than physical encounter, but also an important spiritual act of love and learning, a "divine union" as the author refers on the book. He considered that there were only eight possible sex positions, multiplied by eight. The total amount of 64 sex positions being called "The 64 Arts".
However, only about 20% of the KAMASUTRA was dedicated to sex positions, and the rest is in fact a compendium on insights about the relationships between men and women and in the ancient India's social and religious life.
The KAMASUTRA only reached the Eastern civilization in 1883, thanks to Sir Richard Burton, who wrote the first English translation for the book. Since then, other two key translations from the original KAMASUTRA in Sanskrit were made: one in 1970 by Indra Sinha and the most recent one by Wendy Doniger in 2002. However, we may find plenty of "unofficial" translations focusing only on the sex positions (and including several positions not listed on the original), specially on the Internet. Most of these versions have little in common with the original KAMASUTRA.
KAMASUTRA in its true Sense
For many people – especially in the Western world - KAMASUTRA is merely a collection of different love-making positions, a combination of acrobatics and pornography. But for the Eastern mind, the true meaning of KAMASUTRA reaches beyond this purely physical interpretation. For them, sex – in all of its forms - is sacred. It reproduces the ultimate creative act, the union of the masculine and the feminine cosmic principles. Sex is the cause of the creation and manifestation of the universe. According to Tantra, sexual intercourse, however trivial it may seem, is sacred, cosmic (even when the lovers do not acknowledge this fact, which is usually the case).
When doing the asanas (the yoga positions adopted for the ritual), tantra seeks to "divinize" the couple and their sexuality. Without this spiritual element, KAMASUTRA and Koka Shastrano wouldn't evoke divine rituals.
These two treatises aim to increase sensual voluptuousness. To this end, they propose several sex techniques, with a focus on love-making positions. In fact, the asanas, or traditional positions for joint meditation, are specific and scarce.
Tao teachers have chosen the most comfortable positions for prolonging intercourse, sometimes even up to two hours without having to move much, for this would hinder interiorization during divine intercourse. They are usually so comfortable that complete physical and mental relaxation is achieved, and alternative consciousness levels, or even sleep, can be reached. The asanas must also favor magnetic interchange of vital energy, and facilitate control over ejaculation and the body's health.
Tantra dismisses (at least at the beginning) the most common position used in the Western world - the so-called "missionary position" (Uttana bandka in Sanskrit), in which the man lies over the woman. This position is rejected by Tao followers because it does not facilitate control.
Famous Love-Making Positions
Genital Sex:
-Missionary Sex Position: The most famous and common position: man on top and woman at the bottom, with her legs spread, there is direct penetration;
-Feet on his shoulders Sexual Position: While man is kneeling, the woman rests her legs on his shoulders;
From Behind:
-Leapfrog Sex Position: It looks like the doggy position, but here, the woman's torso is lower;
-Spread-Eagle Sex Position: While the woman is laid and facing down, the man must be on top;
Woman on Top:
-Cowgirl Sexual Position: With the man lying down on his back, the woman sits on top facing him;
-Reverse Cowgirl Sex Position: The same as above, but in this position the woman faces away;
Sitting and Kneeling: -Black Bee Sexual Position: The man sits on the floor with her hands behind him. The woman sits on top, with her hands on his shoulders;
-Watching the Game Sex Position: Man sits in a chair and the woman sits on top of him, face-to-face;
Standing: -Wheelbarrow Sexual Position: The woman must be lifted by something, so the man penetrates her, standing;
-Stand and Carry Sex Position: While the man, standing, holds the woman, she wraps her legs around his waist and holds on his shoulders.
What is Foreplay and what is its importance in “Satisfactory” Love-Making
Foreplay consists of sexually stimulating activities that usually lead to intercourse. Since it generally takes women longer to physically become ready for intercourse, foreplay is important in ensuring that the female partner will find lovemaking as satisfying as the male. As foreplay intensifies and a woman becomes increasingly sexually excited, she experiences physiological changes: The labia gradually become swollen and turn a deeper color of pink, the vagina secretes a lubricating fluid that makes insertion of the penis easier, and her nipples harden. For a man, foreplay generally strengthens an erection and increases the urge to have intercourse and ejaculate.
Some Basic Techniques Considered as Foreplay are :
Kissing and deep kissing on the mouth and across the body
Stroking the erogenous zones
Fondling the breasts
Nipple stimulation and sucking
Sensual massage
Frottage (rubbing) and digital manipulation of genitals
Oral sex
Strip tease
Lap dance
Body painting
Showering together
Use of vibrators and other sex toys
There is no time limit to foreplay. And some couples routinely engage in foreplay that does not lead to intercourse and ejaculation. However, most consider foreplay the appetizer and intercourse the main course.
In any relationship where sex is involved, foreplay can be almost as important as if not necessary for the actual sex act to occur. Technically I think of foreplay as any activity that occurs as a precursor to the sex act that has the intent of increasing the level of excitement in your partner and yourself or for preparing one another for the sex act.
After discussing about “KAMASUTRA”...”Various Positions involved” in love-making...and importance of “Foreplay” ...lets share what male or female want from each other...after sexual intercourse
Most of the people just sleep over without even asking their partners as how they feel or what they want. As a result they feel dejected and hurt. So, what males like after sex?
After asking many a man what he likes to do after making love, taking a nap topped the list by a landslide, and having a snack came in at second. Now, in a man's ideal world, every woman would get up after lovemaking, prepare a warm snack for her man and then stroke his hair while he takes a long nap. And although there are women out there who do comply with such a request, chances are it won't become the post-sex routine you're hoping for. It just ain't going to happen. Relationships are about give and take, and while giving her an orgasm and taking a nap fit the rhetoric, that's not the way it's going to be.
Recent statistics released by the University of Chicago also reveal an important fact: Married men, and not their single counterparts, are the most physically and emotionally fulfilled when it comes to sex. They say that the feelings of sharing have never been stronger than in the moments that follow sex.
Which isn't to say that both men and women don't complain of spouses who get out of bed too quickly to wash up, or go back to chores, or turn on the TV, or roll over and fall asleep. They just want to talk about each other...not about their kids or relatives etc. It should both of them.
For many men, the loss of an erection after sex can also beckon the loss of a bond, a shrinking and even shirking away. Want some useless words of advice? Try not to take it personally. If your husband's haste to jump out of bed upsets you, therapists recommend looking at the act of lovemaking as a process that can start as early as dressing for dinner and not conclude until you're both emotionally ready to end your intimacy. The word postcoital implies there's something that happens before and something that happens after, and that there is an it. All there is is a whole.
Now, what is that a female want after “Sexual Intercourse”? I can't pretend to know what every single one wants after sex. The desires range from cuddling and talking to being left alone and being fed. But from what I could gather, touching definitely topped the list.
They want to cuddle. It's no secret; just about every woman loves it when her man finishes doing his thing only to flip her around and hug her in the spoon position. That's the goldmine of affectionate actions. Flipping her around isn't even necessary, but chances are that some kind of bodily touching may be. Why? Well, because sharing in a very sacred experience with a woman likely leaves her feeling vulnerable. And something as small as wrapping your arm around her can make all the difference.
They want to talk. Although many guys aren't big fans of the "cuddle," there are even less men around who want to talk once the deed is over. But if she wants to talk, you may have to keep your ears open and listen up. Chances are that she will likely talk about what went down -- especially if you had her yelling out like a banshee. And I'm quite sure that your "stork able" ego will overtake your need for some shuteye when it comes to such a topic anyway.
She may pamper you by saying, “Let's do it again”. If she's still raring to go after the first round, chances are she'll be all over you, doing her best to let you know that the evening call for a second round. Between playing with herself and stroking your penis, you may just find yourself going into round two before you know it. But if you're older and more comfortable in your relationship, chances are that you may not be as easily aroused for round two, and, of course, that isn't your fault. Add that to the fact that you probably did all the work and it's quite possible that your little man won't be good to go right away.
Conclusion
“Love-Making” is a process. There is a beginning...there is Delivery and then there is an end. More than “just” physical, it is an emotional bonding. And let me tell you, if people are going for “Extra-Marital Relations” one of the main reason for that is “Unsatisfactory” Sexual Relations. Even law says that unsatisfactory “sex relations” is a valid reason for divorce. You can make your love life interesting and enjoyable...you just need “imagination” or “innovation”.
Have a “enjoyable” and “fun filled” life. Always be together and love each other.
Looking forward to your comments and feedback.
With lots of love and care
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Rabies- Attacks the nervous system and causes encephalitis. The virus is transmitted in saliva from the bite of an infected animal. It usually takes two-eight weeks before the signs appear. However, it only takes about ten days before it's passable through saliva.
The most common ways for an animal or human to be infected is by a bite from an animal who's infected – usually a skunk, fox, raccoon or bat.
Cats are actually more at risk than dogs – because they put themselves more at risk that dogs.
There are three stages to Rabies:
Prodomal Stage- Lasts two-four days. Signs can include behavioral changes, fever, slow eye reflexes, and chewing at the bite of the site.
The Paralytic Stage- Last two-four days. Signs of paralysis develop, usually beginning in the limb that was bitten. Paralysis of the throat or face causes a change in the bark. Drooling with typical foaming at the mouth, and a dropped jaw. Followed by depression, coma, and death from respiratory paralysis.
Once clinical signs develop there is no treatment! If a pet has been bitten by a wild animal or known related rabid animal – if they've been vaccinated, re-vaccinate them and quarantine them for 90 days. If the pet has not been vaccinated, euthanize and submit tissue for rabies testing. If the owner is unwilling to euthanize the pet, it should be strictly quarantined for six months with vaccination one month prior to release.
Distemper- Greatest single disease threat to the world's dog population. Distemper develops over a course of days. Canine distemper virus is fatal to 80% of the puppies and 50% of the adult dogs that contact it. Symptoms include congested lungs, nasal discharge, vomiting and diarrhea. As it progresses, it attacks the nervous system, often causing partial or complete paralysis and seizures. The disease is highly contagious. Dogs can get the virus through coming into contact with anything another dog infected, including through all secretions of the infected animal and very surprisingly, even through the air.
Most distemper appear in dogs less than six months of age and in old dogs that have not been vaccinated. Once infected, there is no cure. Treatment is supportive -- fluids through I.V to prevent dehydration, and symptoms treated. Dogs who recover from distemper may have vision, nervous system problems, hardened foot pads and nose leathers, throughout their lives. In addition, puppies may also have mottled teeth from damage to developing enamel.
Dogs should be vaccinated, and given boosters, to prevent this disease.
Parvovirus- This disease can overwhelm a dog within hours of first symptoms and result in death within 48-72 hours. It is found through the world, it is highly contagious and attacks the intestinal tract, white blood cells, and sometimes the heart. It is spread with contact through feces of infected dogs. Parvovirus can be carried on shoes, crates, equipment or the hair and feet of infected dogs. Symptoms appear five-seven days after exposure and include depression, loss of appetite, vomiting, severe diarrhea. Feces are generally light gray, or yellow-gray, and may be streaked with blood. Puppies under six months are most susceptible to the disease. If the disease effects the heart, puppies can die within hours, weeks or even months. Doberman Pinschers and Rottweliers appear to be at a higher risk for parvo than other breeds.
There is no treatment that cures the virus. Nursing care consists of replacing fluid, keeping the dog warm, controlling vomiting and diarrhea, and dosing with antibiotics to prevent secondary infections.
Parvovirus can live for several months in an infected area, thorough cleaning of all surfaces is necessary to eradicate the disease. Household bleach is a very effective agent.
Vaccination against parvo has dramatically reduced incidence of the disease. The vaccine protects the dog for several years.
Infectious Canine Hepatitis- It is inhaled or ingested by the dog, enters the bloodstream, and targets the liver, kidneys, eyes, and the cells lining the inner surface of the blood vessels. Some cases barely show symptoms – puppies may show a slight fever or be slightly lethargic and recover quickly.
Some cases are quick and deadly. They may also have tonsillitis, reddened mouth and eye membranes, colic, then shock and death. Sometimes all within 24 hours!
The in-between manifestation of the disease is the one most commonly described. The early symptoms are similar to the other forms – some puppies recover within two weeks, others develop internal bleeding, central nervous system involvement, and liver disease.
There is no cure, only supportive treatment. Vaccination lasts several years.
Kennel Cough- This is a respiratory disease in dogs that covers the actions of several infectious agents, including Bordatella bronchiseptica, a bacteria, canine adenovirus 2, and canine parainfluenza virus.
The parainfluenza virus is related to the canine distemper virus. Symptoms range from hacking cough to inflammation of the larynx, bronchial tubes and trachea. CAV-2 also produces pneumonia in ten-twenty percent of the affected dogs.
They're highly contagious, especially in kennels or shelters where the canine immune systems are stressed. Good ventilation is necessary to prevent and spread diseases.
A combined kennel cough vaccination contains CAV-2, parainfluenza, and Bordatella in one dose of nose drops. Symptoms are no more than a bad cold, vaccination is recommended if dogs are to be boarded, or will come into contact with a large numbers of dogs.
Leptospirosis- This is a bacterial disease spread in the urine of wild and domestic animals and capable of causing illness in humans as well as dogs. Several species of the bacteria produce disease in dogs. Symptoms include lethargy, kidney inflammation, low-grade fever, vomiting, reddening of the mucous membranes, and conjunctiva, and blood clotting abnormalities. A more generalized form of the disease can cause elevated liver enzymes, jaundice, pneumonia, and intestinal inflammation. Chronic kidney problems can result. Antibiotic therapy is effective in fighting the bacterial invasion and supportive nursing (replenishment of fluids, administration of diuretics to flush the kidneys and prevent kidney failure, blood transfusions, if necessary) is required.
Vaccinations are not recommended unless there is a disease in the area. The vaccines help to lessen the severity of the disease, but do not prevent it. It also may not be effective for more than six months. Puppies and small dogs can have adverse reactions to the vaccines. If there is a lepto outbreak occurring and veterinarians do recommend vaccination, dogs should be inoculated against all four strains of the disease, unless the particular strain is identified.
Lyme Disease- Is a bacterial disease spread by ticks. Symptoms in dogs include lethargy, joint pain, lack of appetite, lymph node enlargement, and fever. Some dogs have antibodies to the disease, indicating they've been exposed, but they show no symptoms.
Treatment is with antibiotic, Tetracycline. Vaccine is available, but is not widely recommended because the disease is self-limiting and protection is limited to no more than six months, following inoculation. Lyme disease is more serious for humans than for dogs.
Coronavirus- This virus causes diarrhea and vomiting, and can be confused for parvo. The mode of infection is direct contact of an infected animal or its feces. Some dogs have antibodies but no symptoms, others lose their appetite, have smelly diarrhea, and are lethargic and dehydrated. Treatment involves replacing lost fluids and controlling vomiting and diarrhea. Vaccine is available, but not widely recommended.
-Information taken from the American Veterinary Medical Association
UC Davis Book of Dogs – By, Dr. Race Foster and Dr. Marty Smith
(authors of the particular chapters).
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Today, here, and around the world, many people have considered having Cosmetic Surgery, or Plastic Surgery performed. Many more have had plastic surgery done, some with multiple procedures. Plastic Surgery, by definition, is a broad term for operative manual and instrumental treatment which is performed for functional or aesthetic reasons. Medical treatment for Facial injuries dates back over 4,000 years. The word "plastic" is a derivative of the Greek word plastikos meaning to mould or shape; however, contrary to common belief, the term “plastic surgery” is not related to modern plastics at all.
Cosmetic Surgery was first known to have been performed in Roman times. The Romans had the ability to perform simple procedures such as repairing damaged ears, in modern times referred to as Otoplasty, this is one of the most simple of procedures. One report discusses a patient getting his earlobes repaired after years of wearing heavy earrings. The excess lobes were trimmed and the hole sewn together. One of the more expensive plastic surgeries performed at the time, the removal of branding and scars, was a commonly executed procedure. Freed slaves paid a high price indeed for this type of surgery. It was felt that this common practice reduced the stigma of having been a slave in this ancient times.
In ancient India physicians were able to use skin graft reconstruction techniques as early as 800 B.C. From ancient times to the early nineteenth century, we find a living tradition of plastic operations of the nose, ear and lip. The Kangra (correctly pronounced as 'Kangada') district in Himachal Pradesh was most famous for its plastic surgeons. Some scholars are of the opinion that the word 'Kangada' is made from 'Kana + gadha' (ear repair). The British archaeologist Sir Alexander Cunningham (1814-93) had written about the tradition of Kangra plastic surgery procedures. We also have information that in the reign of Akber ,a Vaidya named Bidha used to carry out plastic operations in Kangra.
The Charaka-Sanhita and the Sushruta-Sanhita are among the oldest known manuscripts on Ayurveda (the Indian science of medicine). Chronologically speaking, the Charaka-Sanhita is believed to be the earliest work, and deals with medicine proper and containing a few passages on surgery. The Sushruta-Sanhita, a work of the early centuries of the Christian era, mainly deals with surgical knowledge rather than medicine. The extant Sushruta-Sanhita is, according to its commentator Dalhanacharya (of twelth century AD), a amendment by Nagarjuna. The original Sushruta-Sanhita was based on a series of lectures between Kashiraj Divodas (or Dhanvantari) and his disciples, Sushruta and others.
In 15th Century Europe, a man by the name of Heinrich von Pfolspeundt , a German physician and a member of the Teutonic Order of Knights was one of the first known Europeans to have performed cosmetic surgery. Dr. Pfolspeundt was one of the first doctors of the late medieval and early Renaissance period to take medical practices beyond the very crude conditions that had existed through much of the Middle Ages. During his time, a good number of German physicians, especially those in Strasbourg, helped to serve the advancement of the study of medicine. Dr. Pfolspeundt described a procedure to make a new nose for a person who lacks one. He stated that by removing skin from the back of the arm and suturing it into place a new nose could be created.
From Italy we have records that would indicate that in the year 1442, Branca, a surgeon of Catania in Sicily, carried out plastic surgery of the nose, Also known as rhinoplasty, using a skin flap from the face. This procedure was very similar to the one described in the Sushruta-Sanhita, an Ayurvedic compendium composed in the early centuries of the Christian era. His son Antonio continued his work and was the first known to use a skin flap from the arm for reconstructing the nose. The Boinias family carried on with his work. The plastic operations carried out by the Boinia brothers are described in a book published in 1568 by Fioravanti, a doctor of Bologna, Italy.
At the hands of Gasparo Tagliacozzi (1546-99), a professor of surgery and of anatomy at the Bologna University, that plastic surgery attained wide fame in Europe. His book De curtorum chirurgia per insitionem (The surgery of defects by implantation), printed in 1597, was the first scientific composition on plastic surgery. Tagliacozzi had described a method of substitution of the nose by skin from the arm and of replacement of the ears and lips, demonstrating his work throughout his manuscript by way of a large number of illustrations.
The Church dignitaries of the time regarded cosmetic surgery as an interference in the affairs of the Almighty. After his death they not only excommunicated Tagliacozzi, but also had his corpse exhumed from its church grave, and placed it in unconsecrated ground. The great Voltaire (1694-1778) wrote a satirical poem on Tagliacozzi and his operation on the nose, using flap from the buttocks.
However, due to the many dangers of surgery in those times, cosmetic surgery was rarely performed until around the 1900’s. The United States first plastic surgeon was Dr. John Peter Mettauer, born in Virginia in 1787, who in 1827 performed the first cleft palate surgery on record with instruments he himself designed.
There are two very broad fields of aesthetic surgery, Cosmetic Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery. Reconstructive surgery, including microsurgery, focuses on undoing or masking the destructive effects of trauma, previous surgery or disease. Examples of such operations are the rebuilding of amputated or damaged arms or legs; repairing cleft palates or lips, badly formed noses, and ears; and reconstructing a breast after mastectomy. Reconstructive surgery may include moving tissue from other parts of the body to the affected area.
Cosmetic surgery however, is an elective surgery, usually done more for aesthetic reasons rather than to repair an injured area. In many cases, however, there are medical reasons for having some procedures done, such as breast reduction (for back pain relief) and Mastopexy (also known as a “breast lift). Cosmetic Surgery includes, but is not limited to, Abdominoplasty, or “tummy tuck”, Blepharoplasty, or “eyelid surgery”, Augmentation Mammaplasty, or "breast enlargement”, and Rhytidectomy, or "face lift".
There are many more procedures not listed here that are commonly performed as well. The top five surgical procedures in 2004 Liposuction (325,000), nose reshaping (305,000), breast augmentation (264,000), eyelid surgery (233,000), and facelift (114,000).
As you can see, Plastic Surgery has a longstanding history across the ages. It has helped not only in the reconstructive plastic surgery field but also has allowed people to feel more comfortable with their bodies and more confident about themselves.
